I'm assuming you mean the BizTalk message box rather that Service Bus, as BizTalk doesn't have a Service Bus, but can consume and send message to a Service Bus.
BizTalk doesn't really have a set maximum, and it's ability to process them depends on a lot of factors including memory and load, and if you are purely routing it or also transforming it. However refer to How BizTalk Server Processes Large Messages which has "The BizTalk Server development team has successfully tested the processing of messages up to 1 GB in size when performing routing only."
In IIS there are some default maximum sizes set (usually 30 MB), but they can be adjusted upwards if necessary. Again, how large you can go probably depends on the available memory on the server.